Basic knowledge of military lithium batteries

　　Lithium batteries are made of carbon materials, with compounds containing lithium as the positive electrode. There is no metallic lithium, only lithium ions, this is a lithium battery. Lithium batteries refer to batteries that use lithium ion embedded compounds as positive electrode materials. The charging and discharging process of lithium batteries involves the insertion and extraction of lithium ions. During the insertion and extraction of lithium ions, there is also the insertion and extraction of equivalent electrons (traditionally, the positive electrode represents insertion or extraction, while the negative electrode represents insertion or extraction). During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions shuttle back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes, vividly known as rocking chair batteries.

　　When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated on the positive electrode of the battery, and the generated lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. As the carbon layer structure of the negative electrode, it has many micropores. When reaching the negative electrode, lithium ions embed into the micropores of the carbon layer. The more lithium ions embedded, the higher the charging capacity. Similarly, when the battery is discharged (i.e. during the process of using the battery), the lithium ions embedded in the negative carbon layer are extracted and moved back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions return to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity.

　　The charging current of a typical lithium battery is set between 0.2C and 1C. The higher the current, the faster the charging, and the greater the heat generated by the battery. In addition, due to the time required for electrochemical reactions inside the battery, excessive current charging results in insufficient capacity. Just like pouring beer, if you pour it too fast, there will be foam, but you will not be satisfied.

　　Lithium batteries are also divided into two categories: non rechargeable and rechargeable. Non rechargeable batteries are called disposable batteries, which can only convert chemical energy into electrical energy at once and cannot restore electrical energy to chemical energy (or have extremely poor oxidation performance). Rechargeable batteries are called secondary batteries (also known as batteries). It can convert electrical energy into chemical energy, and then convert chemical energy into electrical energy during use, which is reversible, such as the important characteristic of lithium batteries.

　　For small lithium batteries (such as mobile phone batteries), it requires positive and negative active materials to have the highest possible electrochemical specific capacity to ensure higher capacity of the lithium battery. Therefore, when selecting positive and negative electrode materials, the electrochemical specific capacity of the material should be considered. For medium and large lithium batteries, it is required that the positive and negative active materials have the highest possible electrochemical specific capacity as a prerequisite. Under the working principle of lithium batteries, they should have good reliability and safety. Therefore, when selecting positive and negative electrode materials, the electrochemical specific capacity of the material should be considered, and the safety of the material should also be taken into account. As for military lithium batteries, the electrical energy in the battery is also very high.

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