Battery basic types and advantages and disadvantages

　　Lead-acid battery

　　Advantages: good reliability, easy access to raw materials, cheap price; The specific power (150~400w/kg) can basically meet the power requirements of electric vehicles.

　　Disadvantages: low specific energy (35~45wh/kg), the mass and volume are too large, and the driving distance of a single charge is short; Short service life (300~400 times).

　　Valve-controlled lead-acid battery

　　Advantages: Higher specific energy and power, can be maintenance-free.

　　Disadvantages: The battery's own heat dissipation is poor, and the working temperature has certain requirements.

　　Winding valve-controlled lead-acid battery

　　Advantages: higher discharge rate, better high and low temperature performance, long life.

　　Disadvantages: The structure and process are complex, and the quality of domestic products needs to be improved.

　　Nickel-metal hydride battery

　　Advantages: Long cycle life (>600 times), no memory effect, high specific energy (65wh/kg), high specific power (800w/kg).

　　Disadvantages: Higher price.

　　Lithium-ion battery

　　Advantages: High voltage, high specific energy (155wh/kg), high specific power (315w/kg), no pollution, no memory effect, long life (>1000 times).

　　Disadvantages: High cost, must have a special protection circuit.

　　Nickel-cadmium cell

　　Advantages: Its specific energy (55wh/kg) and specific power (more than 190w/kg), fast charging, long cycle life (>2000 times).

　　Disadvantages: there is a memory effect, easy to cause environmental pollution, the price is 4 to 5 times that of lead-acid batteries.

　　Sodium-sulfur storage battery

　　Advantages: High specific energy (>100wh/kg), large current, high power discharge, low self-discharge rate.

　　Disadvantages: Its operating temperature is 300 ~ 350 ° C, so a certain amount of heating and insulation is required. Because of the serious corrosion at high temperature, the battery life is short (up to 1200 times using vacuum insulation).

　　Nickel-zinc storage battery

　　Advantages: high specific energy (60wh/kg), high specific power and large current discharge, low self-discharge, long service life (>500 times).

　　Cons: Still a little expensive.

　　Zinc air accumulator

　　Advantages: high specific energy (230wh/kg), small size, zinc electrode "charging", fast, cheap positive and negative electrode materials.

　　Disadvantages: Oxygen in the air is required when discharging, it cannot be sealed, and the structural problems are difficult to solve.

　　Flywheel cell

　　Advantages: Physical method to achieve energy storage, high specific energy (150wh/kg), high specific power (5000 ~ 10000W/kg), long life.

　　Disadvantages: The carbon fiber material used to manufacture the flywheel is still very expensive and the cost is relatively high.

　　Supercapacitor battery

　　Advantages: small size; Fast charging speed; Can be large current discharge; Supercapacitors can be welded, so there are no problems like battery contact is not strong; Long service life;

　　Disadvantages: low voltage, improper use will cause electrolyte leakage and other phenomena, can not be used in AC circuit.

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