Introduction to Lithium Battery

　　Lithium batteries can be understood as batteries containing lithium elements (including metallic lithium, lithium alloys, lithium ions, and lithium polymers), which can be divided into lithium metal batteries (rarely produced and used) and lithium-ion batteries (widely used today). According to rechargeability, it can be divided into primary and secondary batteries, which can be recharged or non rechargeable. The internal structure of the battery adopts a spiral winding structure, which is separated by a very fine and highly permeable polyethylene film isolation material between the positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode includes a lithium collector composed of lithium and cobalt dioxide, and a current collector composed of aluminum film. The negative electrode is composed of a lithium collector made of sheet-like carbon material and a current collector made of copper thin film. The battery is filled with an organic electrolyte solution. In addition, it is equipped with safety valves and PTC components to protect the battery from damage in abnormal states and output short circuits. The voltage of a single lithium-ion battery is 3.6V, and its capacity cannot be infinitely large. Therefore, single lithium-ion batteries are often processed in series or parallel to meet the requirements of different occasions.

　　The basic principle of lithium metal batteries or lithium-ion batteries is redox reactions, and the three core parts of a battery are the negative electrode, positive electrode, and electrolyte. Lithium ion batteries are divided into liquid lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and polymer lithium-ion batteries (PLB) based on the composition of the electrolyte. The positive and negative electrode materials of both are the same, with positive electrode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganese oxide, and negative electrode materials such as graphite. The working principle is basically the same. The main difference is that LIB uses liquid electrolyte, while PLB uses solid polymer electrolyte, which is "dry" or "colloidal". At present, most of them use polymer gel electrolyte.

　　The principle of PLB is the same as that of LIB. The battery structure mainly includes the positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte. The so-called PLB refers to the use of polymer materials in at least one of these three main structures. Currently, polymer materials are mainly used for the positive electrode and electrolyte in polymer lithium-ion battery systems. The positive electrode material includes conductive high molecular polymer, and the electrolyte uses solid or colloidal polymer electrolyte. The new generation of polymer lithium-ion batteries can be designed to almost any shape, with a minimum thickness of up to 0.5mm, greatly improving the flexibility of battery design. The unit energy of polymer lithium-ion batteries has increased by 20% -50% compared to current general lithium-ion batteries. The battery is labeled as Li ion, which is a lithium-ion battery, but it is uncertain which specific type it is.

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