18650 battery 3.7v 6000mah

　　What types of 18650 battery 3.7v 6000mah are there and what are their applications?

　　18650 battery 3.7v 6000mah can be divided into lead-acid batteries, metal hydride nickel batteries, lithium-ion batteries and zinc-air batteries. They are widely used in automobiles, industry and mobile phone/PC fields. Let’s introduce them in detail below.

　　1. Main types of 18650 battery 3.7v 6000mah

　　1. Lead-acid battery

　　Lead-acid batteries refer to batteries that use lead dioxide as the positive electrode, spongy lead as the negative electrode, and sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte. They are mainly used in low-speed electric vehicles.

　　2. Metal hydride nickel battery

　　Metal hydride nickel batteries, also called nickel hydride batteries, refer to batteries with nickel oxide as the positive electrode, a hydrogen storage alloy that can absorb and release hydrogen as the negative electrode, and potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte. Nickel hydride batteries are mostly used in hybrid electric vehicles and can be divided into square and cylindrical shapes.

　　3. Lithium-ion battery

　　Lithium-ion batteries, which we hear the most about, use lithium compounds such as lithium manganate, lithium phosphate or lithium cobalt oxide as the positive electrode; use carbon materials that can embed lithium ions as the negative electrode; and use organic electrolytes for batteries.

　　4. Zinc air battery

　　Zinc-air battery is a high-efficiency and environmentally friendly battery that uses oxygen in the air as the positive active material. Its theoretical mass specific energy is 340W·h/kg and its volume specific energy is 1050W·h/L, which is currently the highest among all chemical power sources. Yes. Zinc-air batteries have stable discharge voltage, long duration, no pollution, low cost, readily available raw materials, and simple preparation. They are currently mainly used in electric buses.

　　2. Power battery application fields

　　1. Automobile-passenger car

　　Power supply architecture: The power battery system BMS in the car is powered by the car's 12V lead-acid battery. BMS used in other fields are self-powered without a second power supply. Personally, I think this is very important. Many system designs are different because of this, and the corresponding electrical and EMC experiments on the power supply are conducted for this purpose;

　　Application conditions: The application environment of automotive 18650 battery 3.7v 6000mah is complex, with high voltage and large current. It is mostly used in outdoor environments with large temperature extremes, high requirements for waterproofing and salt spray, and complex driving road conditions with high vibration requirements;

　　Battery core selection: The battery core must at least meet the vehicle standards GB/T31484 (cycle life), GB/T31485 (safety), and GB/T31486 (electrical performance). If there is fast charging/ultra-fast charging, the battery core must have a high charge/amplification rate. The thermal management system is not simply low-temperature heating and high-temperature heat dissipation, but dynamically adjusts the temperature of the battery pack to make the cells work within a suitable temperature range, increasing the efficiency of the battery pack and extending its service life;

　　Hardware: It requires automotive grade materials, a temperature range of -40~125°C, a master-slave architecture for the number of cells, strict isolation between the control system and the high-voltage part, generally independent high-voltage breaking boxes, and relays or IGBTs with higher specifications for switching devices. , the hardware needs to pass electrical, environmental, temperature, EMC and other experiments, and has functional safety requirements;

　　Software: AC and DC charging national standards, CAN network management, diagnosis and functional safety. Currently, Simulink is mostly used to build models to automatically generate codes, abandoning manual code development methods;

　　2. Industrial-forklift/handling robot

　　Power supply architecture: The entire vehicle has only one power supply and no power supply. The BMS needs to be self-powered and has a self-starting sleep mechanism. This is generally used in unmanned warehouses with less manual intervention. When the power is low and the storage time is long, it will not start. Sleep or excessive hibernation power consumption will cause serious over-discharge of the entire battery pack. In comparison, there is no need to worry about this problem in car systems. The battery pack does not consume power after the engine is turned off. Upgrading the underlying BootLoader through the master wireless function cannot be marked by restarting. The car can jump to the BootLoader and App through the switch key startup method. However, the robot system requires that if an upgrade command is received while the App is running, it must interrupt and jump to the BootLoader to start the upgrade. App,;

　　Application conditions: mostly in restricted places or indoors, with voltages of 24V, 36V, and 48V low-voltage systems. The effective working range is SOC 40%~90%, requiring fast charging and slow discharge;

　　Battery cell selection: Since the system is in continuous working mode, there is little human involvement and rarely shuts down once it is started, and the whole machine works completely autonomously. When the power is less than the set value, it no longer performs tasks and returns to automatic charging. This requires a short charging time and a large charging rate. The selection is relatively conservative and mostly uses iron lithium batteries. The thermal management system generally only has simple heating logic.

　　Hardware: The low-voltage system cannot be isolated and uses industrial-grade materials. There are currently no mature standards and most of the automotive standards have been downgraded and slowly moved closer to standard vehicle requirements. Most of the cells with a small number of strings use integrated or split frames. Most of them are customized projects with changing needs and short development cycles;

　　Software: Ordinary ARM embedded architecture, no standard protocols, mostly customized. As mentioned above, the entire vehicle system operates within the range of 40% to 90% of the SOC. It will not be completely empty or completely filled. Continuous operation without power will cause SOC cumulative errors. Large, it brings great difficulty to SOC correction. The difficulty of automotive SOC correction comes from the large changes in working conditions such as current and temperature, while the difficulty of industrial robots comes from the fact that the working conditions of the entire vehicle, whether it is discharging or charging, do not use the obvious slope change point of the OCV curve to achieve correction conditions. .

　　3. Consumption - mobile phone/PC

　　Power supply architecture: self-powered from the battery pack, with very little self-consumption;

　　Application conditions: The usage environment conditions are not demanding;

　　Battery cell selection: Due to the limited volume of consumer products and the large volume of shipments, there are many soft-pack batteries customized according to the structure, and 1-string multi-parallel battery packs such as power banks are often used. First, it eliminates the need for multiple strings of cells. Another aspect of the balanced risk is that the power of the consumer power supply system is not large, and there will not be much loss if a single string is used for step-up and step-down.

　　Hardware: The IC has a high degree of integration, and the hardware architecture is simple and reliable. Generally, you only need to select the power MOS tube, sampling resistor, balancing MOS, and balancing resistor according to the power.

　　Software: When using an integrated IC, there is no need to manually write software. Just use the host computer matched with the IC to write the threshold and configuration into the register.

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