CR2430 battery.Analysis on the development of power battery cathode material technology

　　This article reviews the development history of lithium-ion battery cathode material production and preparation technology, and analyzes the development direction of lithium-ion battery cathode materials. At the end of the last century, from the perspective of the processing performance of lithium-ion battery cathode materials and battery performance, a research team from Tsinghua University proposed a technology to control crystallization to prepare high-density spherical precursors. Combined with the subsequent solid-phase sintering process, they proposed a method for preparing lithium-containing electrode materials. industrial technology. Among them, the controlled crystallization method to prepare precursors can regulate and optimize the properties of the material at four levels: unit cell structure, primary particle composition and morphology, secondary particle size and morphology, and particle surface chemistry. The materials produced using this technology have the characteristics of easy control of particle size and morphology, good uniformity, batch consistency and stability, and can simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of the battery for the electrochemical performance and processing performance of the material. Due to the high packing density of the material, it is especially suitable for high specific energy batteries. This technology is suitable for a variety of cathode materials and is suitable for mass production. Over time, it has been gradually proven to be the best production technology for cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, and has been generally accepted and recognized by the industry today. This is also one of the important contributions made by Chinese scientists to the international lithium-ion battery industry.

　　Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high specific energy, high energy storage efficiency and long life. In recent years, they have gradually occupied the main market share of electric vehicles, energy storage systems and mobile electronic devices. Since the Japanese company Sony took the lead in commercializing lithium-ion batteries in 1990, the negative electrode material has always been carbon-based materials, while the positive electrode material has made great progress and is the most critical material to promote the performance improvement of lithium-ion batteries.

　　The research and development of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries is mainly carried out in three aspects: 1) The basic science level, mainly the discovery of new materials, or the calculation, design and synthesis of material composition, crystal structure and defect structure, with a view to discovering electrode materials. New cathode materials with excellent chemical properties; 2) At the material chemistry level, the synthesis technology is mainly discussed in order to optimize the material structure factors such as material crystal structure, orientation, particle morphology, interface, etc., and obtain electrochemical performance, processing performance and battery performance. Best match, the purpose is to develop material structures and synthesis methods that can optimize the comprehensive performance of cathode materials; 3) Material engineering technology level, mainly to develop large-scale, low-cost, stable equipment and processes, in order to develop reasonable Engineering technology to meet market needs.

　　In order for lithium-ion battery cathode materials to exert the best performance in the full battery, it is necessary to further optimize the crystal structure, particle structure and morphology, particle surface chemistry, material packing density and compaction density of the material on the premise of optimizing the material composition. physical and chemical properties, and it is also necessary to strictly prevent the introduction of trace metal impurities during the process. Of course, stable, high-quality mass production is an important guarantee for the stable performance of materials in battery manufacturing. As lithium battery technology improves and the lithium battery market matures, the application fields of different cathode materials are gradually divided, that is, lithium-ion batteries have different performance requirements for various cathode materials. Therefore, the mainstream synthesis technologies and processes of cathode materials have also experienced different development paths.

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