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Progress in the research of catalyst materials for methanol 12V23A battery

In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, my country's demand for energy has increased. Fossil energy, as the main energy consumed in the world, has brought us convenience while also causing serious pollution to the earth's environment. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to develop clean energy that can replace fossil energy.

A fuel cell is a device that can directly convert chemical energy in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. It is the "fourth power generation method" after hydropower, thermal power, and atomic power generation. It has the advantages of energy saving, high conversion efficiency, and near zero emissions. It has become an important way to solve energy and environmental problems. Among them, methanol fuel cells are widely used in portable devices because of their high working efficiency and environmental friendliness.

Compared with hydrogen energy, methanol is a cheaper liquid fuel that is easy to store and transport, and has a higher theoretical energy density. Therefore, methanol fuel cells have very good application potential in the field of new energy.

At present, the catalysts of methanol fuel cells are mainly made of platinum nanomaterials. However, during the preparation process of traditional platinum nanomaterials, side effects such as poisoning and precipitation will occur, which will gradually reduce the effective area activity and mass activity of platinum nanocatalysts, seriously affecting the service life of methanol fuel cells.

In addition, the metal platinum required for the preparation of platinum nanomaterials is low in storage, expensive, and costly, which is very unfavorable for large-scale commercial application of batteries.

In order to improve the catalytic activity and stability of methanol fuel cell catalysts, people have prepared platinum and platinum-based nanocatalysts with different structures through multiple methods, such as platinum nanoparticles with high-index crystal faces, hollow platinum-palladium alloys, platinum-nickel alloys, silver-platinum alloys, etc. However, the preparation methods of these materials are mostly complicated and have long reaction cycles, and they cannot solve the above-mentioned catalytic activity and stability problems well.

Li Yue's research group successfully prepared a three-dimensional porous AuAgPt ternary alloy nanomaterial catalyst using laser induction. They first reacted Au@Ag nanocubes with potassium chloroplatinate to obtain Au@AgPt nanocubes (Au@AgPtNCs), then used 670-700 volt lasers to irradiate the Au@AgPt nanocubes, causing the Au@AgPt nanocubes to quickly melt into solid AuAgPt alloy nanospheres (solidAuAgPtNSs), and then removed part of the silver in the solid AuAgPt alloy nanospheres by chemical etching to obtain monodisperse three-dimensional porous AuAgPt ternary alloy nanospheres (spongyAuAgPtNSs).

This AuAgPt ternary alloy nanosphere is not only much more stable than traditional platinum nanomaterials, but also has a large specific surface area and high-density active sites, which are easy to adsorb reactants and can effectively improve catalytic activity. Its mass activity for methanol catalysis (1.62AmgPt-1) is 4.6 and 5.1 times that of solid AuAgPt alloy nanospheres (0.35AmgPt-1) and commercial platinum black (Ptblack) (0.32AmgPt-1), respectively.

These excellent performances are due to the porous structure of the material itself and the presence of high-index crystal planes, lattice distortion and twin boundaries on the surface of the material. The results of this study have solved the problems of low catalytic activity, poor stability and short battery life of the catalyst when used in fuel cells to a certain extent.

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